[Mashiro]

MySQL, as in the real MySQL, has been deprecated in many Linux distributions due to a license model change from years ago. Instead of MySQL many Linux distributions provide the free alternative MariaDB. MariaDB is 100% compatible with MySQL. The latest MariaDB 10.5.x branch is basically like MySQL 8.

Debian 10 comes with MariaDB 10.3.25 (current latest version in the repository). MariaDB 10.3.x branch is still a current and maintained MariaDB version based on a older MySQL version. Although the latest 10.3.x release is 10.3.27. However Debian is always a few version behind because they test packages very carefully for functionality, security and stability. So nothing to worry about even if the version is a bit older than the latest from MariaDB directly.

"mysql" and "mysql-server" used to be meta alias packages for MariaDB in previous versions. So if you would use these names it would actually always install MariaDB. Even the MySQL service commands would literally just do operations on the actual MariaDB service. This probably has also been deprecated because the transition time from MySQL to MariaDB or other databases has been on for enough time already (far longer than 2 years already).

You can install MariaDB easily with the commands below:

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apt-get update
apt-get install mariadb-server -y

After that run a basic security setup:

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mysql_secure_installation

If you need the real MySQL you can, under your own risk, use their MySQL 8 Community Server packages.

Working tutorial: https://www.tecmint.com/install-mysql-on-debian-10/