[fChk]

@sohamb03

I'm afraid you'll have to repeat all the storage benchmarking section!!

STORAGE BENCHMARK

I've 70GB of storage on my VPS. In VPS 9, you can choose in multiples of 5, and I didn't need much storage till now, but I'll need more soon with another OS re-installation. 

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Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G   64M  3.8G   2% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G  352M  3.5G   9% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   47G   17G   30G  36% /
/dev/loop0               1.5G  9.0M  1.4G   1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/centos-home   23G  1.1G   22G   5% /home
/dev/vda1               1014M  228M  787M  23% /boot
tmpfs                    783M  4.0K  783M   1% /run/user/0
tmpfs                    783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/5003

For the boot time: (Actually I've a GUI - XFCE - running on the VPS; not sure why it didn't show up  )

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Startup finished in 861ms (kernel) + 2.761s (initrd) + 12.130s (userspace) = 15.753s

Although, the boot time is pretty cool. 


Now for the tests, directly from the Benchmarking Script:

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Disk Speed
----------
I/O (1st run)   : 799 MB/s
I/O (2nd run)   : 781 MB/s
I/O (3rd run)   : 827 MB/s
Average I/O     : 802.333 MB/s

Which is a remarkable performance!


This is the disk-speed-beta.sh script, not yet merged into the benchmarking script but just a confirmation of the above results plus the cached mode. 

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Testing hard drive write speed.
Pass 1... Pass 2... Pass 3... 693 MB/s
Testing hard drive read speed with caching.
Pass 1... Pass 2... Pass 3... 2.5 GB/s
Testing hard drive read speed without caching.
Pass 1... Pass 2... Pass 3... 859 MB/s

(PS: Here I encountered a strange problem. I'm not an expert at all this; since I don't deal with hardware at all. For some reason, my system seems to be missing "/dev/sda" and I've the least idea why, so I performed the upcoming tests on "/dev/loop0". No idea if that makes a difference but nevermind. If I were to make a wild guess, I got CentOS 7 installed from ISO since I needed the default partitions for some purpose ... maybe that's why.)

HDPARM

Direct:

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/dev/loop0:
Timing O_DIRECT cached reads:   2936 MB in  1.99 seconds = 1472.22 MB/sec
Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 1500 MB in  0.91 seconds = 1648.67 MB/sec


/dev/loop0:
 Timing O_DIRECT cached reads:   2814 MB in  1.99 seconds = 1411.65 MB/sec
 Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 1500 MB in  1.23 seconds = 1219.07 MB/sec


/dev/loop0:
 Timing O_DIRECT cached reads:   3208 MB in  1.99 seconds = 1608.77 MB/sec
 Timing O_DIRECT disk reads: 1500 MB in  0.93 seconds = 1604.51 MB/sec

Cached:

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/dev/loop0:
Timing cached reads:   6810 MB in  1.98 seconds = 3439.02 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 1426 MB in  3.00 seconds = 475.09 MB/sec


/dev/loop0:
 Timing cached reads:   5214 MB in  1.98 seconds = 2630.66 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 1500 MB in  1.87 seconds = 800.39 MB/sec


/dev/loop0:
 Timing cached reads:   6034 MB in  1.99 seconds = 3037.79 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 1500 MB in  1.70 seconds = 880.70 MB/sec

IOPING

Disk Seek Rate:

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--- /dev/loop0 (block device 1.46 GiB) ioping statistics ---
3.95 k requests completed in 2.46 s, 15.4 MiB read, 1.60 k iops, 6.27 MiB/s
generated 3.95 k requests in 3.00 s, 15.4 MiB, 1.32 k iops, 5.14 MiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 17.2 us / 623.4 us / 59.9 ms / 1.60 ms

Disk Sequential Speed:

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--- /dev/loop0 (block device 1.46 GiB) ioping statistics ---
2.33 k requests completed in 2.50 s, 583 MiB read, 934 iops, 233.7 MiB/s
generated 2.33 k requests in 3.00 s, 583.2 MiB, 777 iops, 194.4 MiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 245.1 us / 1.07 ms / 21.4 ms / 1.57 ms

DISK I/O LATENCY:

Default Mode:

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--- /tmp (ext4 /dev/loop0) ioping statistics ---
19 requests completed in 2.31 ms, 76 KiB read, 8.22 k iops, 32.1 MiB/s
generated 20 requests in 19.0 s, 80 KiB, 1 iops, 4.21 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 86.7 us / 121.6 us / 195.3 us / 31.1 us

 
Asynchronous Mode:

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--- /tmp (ext4 /dev/loop0) ioping statistics ---
19 requests completed in 6.32 ms, 76 KiB read, 3.00 k iops, 11.7 MiB/s
generated 20 requests in 19.0 s, 80 KiB, 1 iops, 4.21 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 103.2 us / 332.7 us / 1.80 ms / 477.6 us

Direct Mode:

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--- /tmp (ext4 /dev/loop0) ioping statistics ---
19 requests completed in 7.57 ms, 76 KiB read, 2.51 k iops, 9.80 MiB/s
generated 20 requests in 19.0 s, 80 KiB, 1 iops, 4.21 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 83.0 us / 398.5 us / 2.52 ms / 645.5 us

Cached Mode:

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--- /tmp (ext4 /dev/loop0) ioping statistics ---
19 requests completed in 493.8 us, 76 KiB read, 38.5 k iops, 150.3 MiB/s
generated 20 requests in 19.0 s, 80 KiB, 1 iops, 4.21 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 13.3 us / 26.0 us / 177.9 us / 35.9 us

Write Mode:

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--- /tmp (ext4 /dev/loop0) ioping statistics ---
19 requests completed in 69.6 ms, 76 KiB written, 272 iops, 1.07 MiB/s
generated 20 requests in 19.0 s, 80 KiB, 1 iops, 4.21 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 1.10 ms / 3.67 ms / 20.0 ms / 4.16 ms

Alternate Read-Write Mode:

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--- /tmp (ext4 /dev/loop0) ioping statistics ---
19 requests completed in 3.18 s, 76 KiB, 5 iops, 23.9 KiB/s
generated 20 requests in 21.2 s, 80 KiB, 0 iops, 3.78 KiB/s
min/avg/max/mdev = 110.9 us / 167.3 ms / 3.15 s / 704.1 ms

Why?!.. you may ask!... Simply --and correct me if I'm work-- because you were benchmarking inside the /tmp folder, which is a loop-mounted folder (as /dev/loop0). Thus the rates you got ain't really those of your virtual disk (/dev/vda), but just a loop-mounted folder/device.

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Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
.....
/dev/mapper/centos-root   47G   17G   30G  36% /
/dev/loop0               1.5G  9.0M  1.4G   1% /tmp
/dev/mapper/centos-home   23G  1.1G   22G   5% /home
/dev/vda1               1014M  228M  787M  23% /boot
....

Those, who did have OVZ editions of VPS-9 will be familiar with the 600/700 MB/s sequential write... But shouldn't be the case for KVM editions.

As to why your storage device

(PS: Here I encountered a strange problem. I'm not an expert at all this; since I don't deal with hardware at all. For some reason, my system seems to be missing "/dev/sda" and I've the least idea why, so I performed the upcoming tests on "/dev/loop0". No idea if that makes a difference but nevermind. If I were to make a wild guess, I got CentOS 7 installed from ISO since I needed the default partitions for some purpose ... maybe that's why.)

It's not a hardware issue!.. Your running in a virtual environment!.. It's a device driver issue, and it's because you're using the virtio_blk device driver; just run this command to attest for that:

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lsmod | grep virt

If you happened to be used the virtio_scsi version, your virtual disk would have the 'S' prefix instead of 'V'. But it's the deploy-er decision not ours.

Anyway, I think you're onto something here, and I'll comment further one you update the miss-hap.