A few days ago I received a strange call from a lady from a far away location. As the call seemed a bit strange, I took the phone with care. I heard a voice of a lady. She wasn't properly saying "hello", but her voice was of a kind of flirting "hlo". I became more anxious. I waited once again before responding to the lady. Once again her voice is "hlo". I felt something serious and I disconnected the phone. She tried again, but I just left the call as missed. The next day once again she called when I was speaking with someone else. After disconnecting the call, I dialled her number and she took up the phone with the same hlo. I replied this time with a serious tone "hello". But her question was what is your name?. She called me without knowing who is me. I disconnected and blocked the number.
Privacy is a serious concern in the new era. Even informations are leaking through missed calls. Pegasus, a spyware or Trojan horse created by NSO is trending news in India after accused of hacking information from well known people over phone. It installs itself on the victim's phone whether it is Android or iPhone.Then leaks data including media and various logs. Finally it disappears itself without leaving any evidence. This was created by an Israeli company in the sake of restricting crime and terrorism. It seems used to target high profiled people. I don't know who were attacked recently. But I feel the privacy under risk.

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It happens that NanoKVM was the first truly free service I got a NAT-VPS from since I joined this community -ie it's running for 17 months and counting.. The specs are indeed modest but the service is astonishingly reliable and with pretty good overall performance as well.

Recently I asked for a VM migration from the Eygelshoven/Netherlands (NL) node to its Nuremberg/Germany (DE) node. This request was motivated by the desire to upgrade the RAM to 2GB, the Nuremberg/Germany node being the only one having that option available. @Neoon graciously created a new VM on the Nuremberg node as his Proxmox setup doesn't support clustering.

This review's objective is to attempt a comparison of the 2 VMs which will largely reflect:
1-> the performance of the 2 nanoKVM nodes and
2-> the way Neoon partitioned(/capped)  their resources among the running VMs on them.

Before we begin, here are the nodes setup based on this NanoKVM info_page:
(*) Code tag used because data are formatted as a table

From the above table we can see that the German(/DE) node uses a recent, highly perfrmant desktop CPU backed by 64GB of non-ECC DDR4 RAM and an NVMe SSD storage while the NL's node has a 2K12 E5-class server CPU backed by 32GB ECC DDR3 RAM and SATA-based SSD storage.

With those specs in mind, we can now turn our attention into how my 2 NanoKVM VMs are doing on those 2 nodes, performance-wise. Before we get started, I must say that I will also break down this review into a series of posts each one dealing with one resource only.

In this post, I'll only pinpoint to the chipsets, ie the QEMU's machine type, used by NanoKVM VMs.

To answer the question of what virtual hardware did NanoKVM put into their NAT-VPS(s) ?
1. NanoKVM VMs Used Machine-type:
As shown below both NanoKVM VMs are using  the most recent version of the old PC machine-type (ie pc-i440fx-5.2, as of QEMU version 5.2.0.) using the latest Seabios version: 1.14.0, released on Aug. 2020.


As we'll see going forward, both VMs are using the same virtual hardware config. The only difference I've noticed in the full output of 'lshw' command is that the DE node's VM is missing the memory virtio_balloon driver. This is demonstrated by listing the loaded virtIO drivers into the kernel:
> NL node VM:
> DE node VM:

We may comeback to this later..

Stay tuned for the next post!..

Please report all issues you can find with the new design in this thread so it is all collected and visible in a single thread instead of being thrown around the forum in the shoutbox, private messages and etc.

- I find the theme unusable on mobile devices because you cannot even see who posted a post and other things are also barely visible. This however seems to only happen when you disable the display of avatars.

Screenshots

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(Look at the area in the red frame)

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Hello everyone. 

About a month ago i have experience to buy a SSD which is 128GB of SAMSUNG. (Refurbished) Because the price range of new one is almost double +. and also unavailable due to COVID-19 effects. 
however i bought a one which is a combined version of Samsung and Lenovo. 
So i was so exited and wish to try its performance on different benchmark tools i got from online search.
The following are: 

Samsung Magician 
Crystal Disk Mark
Crystal Disk Info 
Hard Disk Sentinel
ATTO Disk bench
AS SSD

All works good and what the thing is almost every tool gives me some different results. 
So i wish to ask from all of you that which one is best and accurate to measure exact or closed approx. value of my disk health?

Hello everyone,
I need to know how safe is our telegram bots are? I need to set a welcome text in a particular group, which will send terms and rules of group to the new joined user.
This group is of teachers who are going to be in government schools. That means they will be much concerned about their privacy. I think teachers take care of each points, so criticism will come. They fear hacking. Let me know the safest way to do this.

To answer the question asked in this post of mine, ie the 'where Docker containers fit in the big Container-based Virtualization picture, an overview of the whole field is warranted and -as usual with me- this is done in its historical context. So, this thread is about setting the broad historical context of Containers technologies, highlighting the milestones events occurring in the path towards the kick-starting of the LXC project in 2008, which led to the Docker project, open-sourced in 2013, which was foundational in setting the industry standard for 'containerized application' and all the tooling that goes with it.
-------------------------------------

Container-based virtualization (ie OS virtualization), as contrasted to the hypervisor-based or VM-based virtualization (ie machine/hardware virtualization), has been a hot subject in the IT world for more than a decade now.

The following table (*) gives a direct comparison between VMs and containers:
(*)- The code tag is used here to maintain the table formatting.

1- Containerization technologies
Containers are an old concept. Below is a summary list for the milestones and evolution of the concept which culminated in the split between system containers and the more popular application containers championed by Docker Inc. since 2013 and their standardization in the OCI specification in 2015:

• For decades, UNIX systems have had the chroot command that provides a simple form of filesystem isolation.
  
• The FreeBSD jail: since 1998, FreeBSD has had the jail utility, which extended chroot sandboxing to processes.
  
• Solaris Zones offered a complete containerization technology around 2001 but was limited to the Solaris OS for the x86 and SPARC systems.
  
• In 2001, Parrallels Inc released the commercial Virtuozzo container technology for Linux and later open sourced the core technology as OpenVZ in 2005.
  
• In 2006, Google Inc. started the development of CGroups for the Linux kernel and began switching its infrastructure to containers.
  
• In 2007, Linux kernel 2.6.24 released with support for cgroups v1 (Control groups.)
  
• In 2008, The Linux Containers (LXC) project started and brought together CGroups, kernel namespaces, and chroot technology (among others) to provide a complete containerization solution in Linux systems.
  > LXC is a project centered around a C-based library, liblxc which allows for the creation of containers of any type from userspace. It also provides a set of tools (lxc-*) that allows interacting with that C library and offers a raw low level user interface. This is why it it remained only useful for system engineers with the required know-how.
  
• In late 2014, Canonical launched LXD project which is a REST API written in Go around LXC and creates a system daemon that apps can access locally using a Unix socket, or over the network via HTTPS. The goal being the democratization of system containers by lowering the entry-level for non-specialists.
  
• In 2016, Canonical released LXD, which is its own container manager that focuses on system containers and which uses liblxc through go-lxc.
  

Among the Containerization technologies listed above, LXC (for LinuX Containers) is the one that interests us in this thread as it's the original implementation from which all kinds of other Linux containers implementations derive, including Docker containers. It indeed represents an operating-system-level virtualization environment (VE) for running multiple isolated Linux systems (containers) on a single Linux machine. These Linux containers are basically made of three Linux kernel primitives:

• Linux namespaces which defines what a process can see
  
• CGroups which set the resources a process can use
  
• A rootfs
  

More on this later when we'll be discussing the role of the so-called 'low-level container runtimes', like lxc, runc, crun etc..

Another interesting observation that can be made from the Containerization technologies listed above (ie Solaris Zones, Virtuozzo’s OpenVZ, FreeBSD jails and LXD/LXC containers) is that they are all designed primarily as a way to containerize a complete OS rather than just a single app, which means that they are all system containers.

Next post will be about the transition to the 'application containers' with the release of Docker as an open-source project in 2013.

2- From System Containers to Application Containers

I'm just wondering what members prefer if they read books.  Do they prefer paper books, or electronic readers like Kindle?

Off late with load shedding and hours of electricity downtime, I've discovered the love of reading again.  What I do is support our local swop shops where one can buy second hand books, and then return them for an X value to purchase more.  First it went slowly, but I now find myself quite passionate about my book reading again.

My preference has always been a nice paper book as there is something special with turning pages, and feeling real paper pages.  But then I had a problem.  A recent author I discovered, and particularly liked very much, was not that well known.  I couldn't find most of his titles in the swop shops, or even regular book stores.  I then checked out Amazon not sure whether I'd want to go through the upheaval of customs in South Africa (it's a serious big and very expensive deal to "import" anything here), and just for the heck of it googled free e-books.  I then discovered a wealth of online libraries.  I discovered one I liked and was then able to download all of the books I wanted for free.

This was a brand new way of reading books for me so there was a little bit of a learning curve involved of course.  First challenge was the extension epub didn't work with with the Kindle App on my Samsung Galaxy Tab2.  I then researched alternative readers and discovered FullREader which I downloaded from Google Play Store on my Tablet.  I'm using Samsung Galaxy Tab2 very old tablet, but still with a decent 3 GB RAM and 32GB storage. I found the books taking up the minimum space so no problem with storage. Second big challenge was that reading books drains the Samsung Tablet battery in no time.  I then had to learn how to turn everything on the Tablet off in Android, and now have the tablet on Airport Mode, Wifi and all connection turned off as well.  Additionally, I purchased a cheap PowerBank that works quite well when needed. I however soon acquired a rhythm with reading approx 50 pages before a recharge is needed.

In the end I took to electronic reading like a duck to water and although I still prefer my hard copy books, I'm enjoying electronic very much.  There are many pros for electronic reading vs paper books.  I like that the text is backlit and one can change the fonts if one wanted to do so.  Electronic reading is probably much cleaner than my second hand books - particularly considering Covid 19 times.  If ever I get to travel again, I'd be able to read a book anywhere, day or night.  

So over the last few weeks I've been checking out alternatives to the Kindle app. Reason being that I discovered a wealth of online libraries, where one can download books for free. I found a reputable library but in the format "EPUB". Kindle doesn't use "EPUB", only "MOBI". I was actually happy to look for a Kindle alternative, as for me Kindle is Amazon trying to make billions instead of millions in profit at the expense of honest competitors. I was determined to use the particular online library and was prepared to ditch the Kindle App for something else if need be.

Any way, I then did research and discovered the FullReader e-book reader which I tried, and am really happy with. It was available from the Google Playstore. What attracted me to it was the large number of book extensions it caters for, also it had some really good reviews for a free Kindle alternative. The app turned out to be very simple, effortless to use, totally uncomplicated to install, intuitive, so I haven't had to search for anything, or looks for a tutorial yet. Here is more info about the app:
https://en.itense.group/fullreader.html

So now I'm wondering what other members are using for Kindle alternatives?